Urea Cycle Disorders
Arginase Deficiency (ARG)
Definition
Arginase deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic disorder and is caused by mutations in the ARG1 gene. Mutations in the ARG1 gene result in production of an abnormal arginase enzyme. The lack of the arginase enzyme results in excessive accumulation of nitrogen, in the form of ammonia (hyperammonemia), in the blood and arginine (hyperarginemia) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
Diagnosis
The condition is diagnosed during newborn screening via the heel prick test taken 48-72 hours after birth. Diagnosis can also be made when symptoms present.
Prevalence
1:300,000 to 1,000,000 estimated worldwide.
Treatment
Treatment of arginase deficiency is based on reducing plasma ammonia and arginine concentration, preventing excess ammonia from being formed, and reducing the amount of nitrogen in the diet. Dietary restrictions in individuals with arginase deficiency are aimed at limiting the amount of arginine and protein intake. Children with arginase deficiency are placed on a low-protein, arginine-restricted diet supplemented by essential amino acids.
Support Links & Materials
Urea Cycle Disorders (UCD)
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC)
Citrullinaemia
Argininosuccinic Acidaemia (ASA)
Arginase Deficiency (ARG)